The Falling Man is a photograph taken by Associated Press photographer Richard Drew of a man falling from the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks in New York City. The subject of the image was trapped on the upper floors of the North Tower and either fell searching for safety or jumped to escape the fire and smoke. The photograph was taken at 9:41:15 a.m. on the day of the attacks.

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The photographer has noted that, in at least two cases, newspaper stories commenting on the image have attracted a barrage of criticism from readers who found the image 'disturbing”.^[1]

Background[edit]

Of the 2,606 victims killed inside the World Trade Center and on the ground in New York City during the September 11 attacks, some have estimated that at least 200 fell or jumped to their deaths, while other estimates put the number at half of that or fewer.^[2][3][4] Officials could not recover or identify the bodies of those forced out of the buildings prior to the collapse of the towers. The New York City medical examiner's office said it does not classify the people who fell to their deaths on September 11 as 'jumpers'. These people were forced out by the smoke and flames or blown out.^[4]

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The photograph gives the impression that the man is falling straight down; however, a series of photographs taken of his fall shows him to be tumbling through the air.^[5][6]

Publication history[edit]

The photograph initially appeared in newspapers around the world, including on page 7 of The New York Times on September 12, 2001. The photo's caption read, 'A person falls headfirst after jumping from the north tower of the World Trade Center. It was a horrific sight that was repeated in the moments after the planes struck the towers.'^[7] It appeared only once in the Times because of criticism and anger against its use.^[8] Six years later, it appeared on page 1 of The New York Times Book Review on May 27, 2007.^[9]

Identification[edit]

Gwendolyn, 9/11: The Falling Man

The identity of the subject of the photograph has never been officially confirmed. The large number of people trapped in the tower has made identifying the man in the 12 photos difficult.

After seeing a missing persons poster, reporter Peter Cheney suggested in the Canadian national newspaper The Globe and Mail that the man pictured in the photo may have been Norberto Hernandez, a pastry chef at Windows on the World, a restaurant located on the 106th floor of the North Tower. Some members of Hernandez's family initially agreed with Cheney,^[10] but after examining the entire photo sequence and noting details of his clothing, were no longer convinced.^[11]

Jonathan Eric Briley[edit]

'The Falling Man', an article about the photograph by American journalist Tom Junod, was published in the September 2003 issue of Esquire magazine. It was adapted into a documentary film by the same name. The article gave the possible identity of the falling man as Jonathan Briley (March 5, 1958 – September 11, 2001), a 43-year-old sound engineer who worked at Windows on the World. His brother Alex is an original member of the 1970s disco group Village People. Briley had asthma and would have known he was in danger when smoke began to pour into the restaurant.^[11]

Briley was initially identified by his brother, Timothy.^[11]Michael Lomonaco, the restaurant's executive chef, also suggested that the man was Briley based on his body type and clothes.^[12] In one of the photos, the Falling Man's shirt or white jacket was blown open and up, revealing an orange t-shirt similar to one shirt that Briley often wore. Briley's older sister Gwendolyn also suggested that he could be the victim. She told reporters of The Sunday Mirror, 'When I first looked at the picture [...] and I saw it was a man—tall, slim—I said, 'If I didn't know any better, that could be Jonathan.''^[13]

Other uses[edit]

9/11: The Falling Man is a 2006 documentary film about the photo. It was made by American filmmaker Henry Singer and filmed by Richard Numeroff, a New York-based director of photography. The film is loosely based on Junod's Esquire story. It also drew its material from photographer Lyle Owerko's pictures of falling people. It debuted on March 16, 2006, on the British television network Channel 4, later made its North American premiere on Canada's CBC Newsworld on September 6, 2006, and has been broadcast in more than 30 countries. The U.S. premiere was September 10, 2007, on the Discovery Times Channel.

The novel Falling Man, by Don DeLillo, is about the September 11 attacks. The 'falling man' in the novel is a performance artist recreating the events of the photograph.^[14] DeLillo says he was unfamiliar with the title of the picture when he named his book. The artist straps himself into a harness and jumps from an elevated structure in a high visibility area (such as a highway overpass), hanging in the pose of The Falling Man.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Notes

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1. ^Howe, Peter (2001). 'Richard Drew'. The Digital JournalistArchived June 27, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, January 2010
2. ^Flynn, Kevin; Dwyer, Jim (September 10, 2004). 'Falling Bodies, a 9/11 Image Etched in Pain'. The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 4, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
3. ^Whitworth, Melissa (September 3, 2011). '9/11: 'Jumpers' from the World Trade Center still provoke impassioned debate'. Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
4. ^ ^abCauchon, Dennis. 'Desperation forced a horrific decision'Archived September 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. USA Today.
5. ^Pompeo, Joe (August 29, 2011). 'Photographer behind 9/11 'Falling Man' retraces steps, recalls 'unknown soldier''. Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
6. ^'The Falling Man | Behind The Photo | 100 Photos'. Time Magazine. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019 – via YouTube.
7. ^Mills (2009). 'Images of Terror'. Dissent: 75–80.
8. ^Susie Linfield (August 27, 2011). 'The Encyclopedia of 9/11: Jumpers: Why the most haunting images of 2001 were hardly ever seen'. New York. Archived from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 8, 2011.
9. ^Boutin, Maurice (2009). 'The Current State of the Individual: A Meditation on 'The Falling Man''. In Arvin Sharma (ed.). The World's Religions after September 11. pp. 3–9. ISBN0-275-99621-2.
10. ^Cheney, Peter (September 22, 2001). 'The life and death of Norberto Hernandez'. 'The Globe and Mail'. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
11. ^ ^abcJunod, Tom (2003). 'The Falling Man'. Esquire Magazine. Archived from the original on September 12, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
12. ^'Jonathan Briley'. September 11: A Memorial. CNN. Archived from the original on September 30, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
13. ^'9/11: The image of The Falling Man that still haunts 10 years on'. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
14. ^Versluys, Kristiaan. '9/11 in the Novel'. In Matthew J. Morgan (ed.). The Impact of 9/11 on the Media, Arts, and Entertainment: The Day that Changed Everything?. 4. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 142–143. ISBN978-0-230-60841-2.

Sources

• 9/11: The Falling Man (March 16, 2006). Channel 4.
• Friend, David (2007). 'Thursday, September 13'. Watching The World Change: The Stories Behind the Images of 9/11. I.B.Tauris. pp. 106–163. ISBN1-84511-545-7.
• Ingledew, John (2005). Photography. Laurence King Publishing. p. 76. ISBN1-85669-432-1.
• Tallack, Douglas (2005). New York Sights: Visualizing Old and New New York. Berg Publishers. pp. 174–181. ISBN1-84520-170-1.

External links[edit]

• 9/11: The Falling Man on IMDb

National Freedom Day is an observance in the United States that honors the signing of a resolution that proposed the 13th amendment of the nation's constitution on February 1, 1865. Abraham Lincoln, who was the president at the time, signed the resolution to outlaw slavery. This anniversary is annually observed on February 1.

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Is National Freedom Day a Public Holiday?

National Freedom Day is not a public holiday. Businesses have normal opening hours.

What Do People Do?

Many people in the United States reflect on and remember the importance of freedom on National Freedom Day. The United States president may annually issue a proclamation on the day. Some educational institutions may incorporate themes relating to National Freedom Day as part of class discussion, readings, and other learning activities that explore the importance of the day and its history.

Information on local celebrations or events that center on National Freedom Day may be publicized prior to and on February 1. For some people, it is a time to promote good will, equality, and to appreciate freedom. Wreath-laying at the Liberty Bell has also been a tradition to mark National Freedom Day for many years. Other events include annual breakfasts, luncheons, musical entertainment, film screenings, and literature meetings that explore the theme about freedom.

Public Life

National Freedom Day is an observance but it is not a public holiday in the United States.

Background

National Freedom Day commemorates the date – February 1, 1865 – when Abraham Lincoln, who was the nation's president at the time, signed a joint resolution that proposed the 13th amendment to the United States Constitution. The amendment was made to outlaw slavery and was ratified on December 18, 1865.

Major Richard Robert Wright Senior, a former slave who founded the National Freedom Day Association, played a crucial role in creating the observance. Major Wright was deemed as a community leader in Philadelphia and was active in education, the media, business and politics. He hoped to see a day that would be dedicated to celebrating freedom for all Americans.

The first commemoration of such a day took place on February 1, 1942, although it was not made into law yet. A tradition of laying a wreath at Liberty Bell also began. On June 30, 1948, President Harry Truman signed a bill to proclaim February 1 as the first official National Freedom Day in the United States.

Symbols

National Freedom Day’s theme is about freedom for all Americans. Wreath-laying at Liberty Bell, which symbolizes freedom or liberty, has also occurred on this day over the years.

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